Autism spectrum quotient aq test4/27/2024 ![]() ![]() The combined sample included 502 men and 739 women (22 cases sex unknown). Mean age of the students was 21.19 years (SD = 3.69), mean age of the general population sample was 35.68 years (SD = 6.33). Participants were asked to fill out the full-scale AQ on the same day or return the questionnaire to the research group by mail. The general population sample was recruited on an information day for parents of multiples. The students were registered at either the VU University in Amsterdam or the University of Twente in Enschede and were asked to fill out the Dutch translation of the full-scale AQ-Adult during the tea break of one of their classes. The first data set (Dutch controls reference sample, n = 1,263) consisted of a Dutch general population sample and a student group (respectively, n = 302 and 961) that both have been described in more detail elsewhere (Hoekstra et al. The data included in this study comprised 4 independent samples. Furthermore, we aimed to retain a scale with a clear factor structure that would allow univocal interpretation. The aim of the current study was to construct a shortened version of the original 50-item AQ-Adult, whilst retaining as much information as possible. However, the full 50-item version of the AQ may often be too lengthy to be included in large comprehensive studies. 2007a, b) and in studies of the cognitive (Bayliss et al. The promising results of the AQ have prompted its use in large population studies (Hoekstra et al. Together, the studies so far suggest that the AQ is a reliable instrument to quantify the autism phenotype. The discrepancy between the findings from the different studies are most likely due to the use of different study samples (children, students, or general population adults), which could result in slightly different psychometric qualities of the AQ, and to the use of different statistical techniques to evaluate the factor structure (principal component analysis or confirmatory factor analysis). Altogether these different studies suggest that the AQ is multifactorial and encompasses at least one factor pertaining to social behaviors and one factor assessing non-social traits. ( 2008) explored the factor structure of the AQ-Adult in a general population and a student sample using confirmatory factor analysis and identified 2 higher-order factors measuring Social interaction and Attention to detail. ( 2008) explored the structure of the AQ-Child and reported 4 factors, measuring Social skills, Attention to detail, Mindreading, and Imagination. Both studies suggested three factors, representing Social skills, Details/patterns, and Communication/mindreading. ( 2007) studied the structure of the AQ-Adult in student samples using principal component analysis. Subsequent factor analytic studies in non-clinical populations confirmed that the AQ has a multifactorial structure. 2001) measuring Social skills, Communication, Imagination, Attention to detail, and Attention switching. In the original version of the AQ, the 50 items were divided into 5 empirically derived subdomains (Baron-Cohen et al. 2008) versions of the AQ-Adult all show good test-retest reliability and acceptable internal consistency. Whilst most studies-including the present report-have been conducted using the adult version of the AQ (AQ-Adult), which is self-report, parental-report adolescent (AQ-Adolescent Baron-Cohen et al. Moreover, the AQ has been found to predict diagnosis of AS in a clinic sample (Woodbury-Smith et al. 2008), suggesting that a high score on the AQ is specific to ASC rather than to psychiatric problems in general. AQ scores in a small ASC sample were also significantly higher than in people with social anxiety disorder or obsessive compulsive disorder (Hoekstra et al. 2008) reported significantly elevated AQ scores in participants diagnosed with ASC compared to the general population and a student sample. 2006) and the Netherlands (Hoekstra et al. Studies using the AQ in the UK (Baron-Cohen et al. The dimensional approach to autism inspired the development of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), a 50-item self-report questionnaire assessing autistic traits in individuals with normal intelligence (Baron-Cohen et al. Autism spectrum conditions (ASC including autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified ) are now commonly conceptualized as dimensional, representing the extreme end of one or more continuously distributed traits in the general population (Constantino & Todd 2003). ![]()
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